Promotion of sugar–lectin recognition through the multiple sugar presentation offered by regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFT): a QCM-D and SPR study

The investigation of recognition events between carbohydrates and proteins , especially the understanding of how spatial factors and binding avidity are correlated, remains a great interest for glycobiology. In this context we have investigated by nanogravimetry (QCM-D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR ), the kinetics and thermodynamics of the interaction between concanavalin A (Con A) and various neoglycopeptide ligands of low molecular weight. Regioselectively addressable functionalized templates (RAFT) have been used as scaffolds for the design of multivalent neoglycopeptides bearing thiol or biotin functions for their anchoring on transducer surfaces. Although these multivalent neoglycopeptide ligands cannot span multiple binding sites within the same Con A protein , they have increased activities relative to their monovalent counterpart. Our results emphasize that the multivalent RAFT ligands function by clustering several lectins, which leads to enhanced affinities.