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    Wet-cleaning of MgO(001): Modification of surface chemistry and effects on thin film growth investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy

    Year: 2017

    Journal: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, Volume 35, MAR

    Authors: Le Febvrier, Arnaud; Jensen, Jens; Eklund, Per

    Organizations: European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP) [335383]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program; Swedish Research Council (VR) [6212012-4430]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) through the Future Research Leaders 5 program; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Link_oping University [2009-00971]

    The effect of the wet-cleaning process using solvents and detergent on the surface chemistry of MgO(001) substrate for film deposition was investigated. Six different wet-cleaning processes using solvent and detergent were compared. The effect on film growth was studied by the example system ScN. The surface chemistry of the cleaned surface was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the film/substrate interface after film growth was investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The surface composition is dependent on the wet-cleaning process. Sonication in a detergent before the solvents yield a pure oxide surface compared to hydroxide/carbonate contaminated surface for all the other processes. An annealing step is efficient for the removal of carbon contamination as well as most of the hydroxide or carbonates. The study of the film/substrate interface revealed that the wet-cleaning process significantly affects the final interface and film quality. The substrate cleaned with detergent followed by solvent cleaning exhibited the cleanest surface of the substrate before annealing, after annealing, in addition to the sharpest film/substrate interface. (C) 2017 American Vacuum Society.
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