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    A Systematic Investigation on the Properties of Silica Nanoparticles "Multipoint"-Grafted with Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate-co-acrylic Acid) in Extreme Salinity Brines and Brine-Oil Interfaces

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Langmuir, Volume 36, MAR 31, page 3174–3183

    Authors: Park, Hyunsu; Lim, Sehyeong; Yang, Jeewon; Kwak, Chaesu; Kim, Jieun; Choi, Shin Sik; Kim, Chae Bin; Lee, Joohyung

    Organizations: Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2018R1D1A1A02085492]; Nano-Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [20090082580]

    Nanoparticles (NPs) may have great potential for various subsurface applications, including oil and gas recovery, reservoir imaging, and environmental remediation. One of the important challenges for these downhole applications is to achieve colloidal stability in subsurface media at high salinity and high temperature. It has been previously shown that several functional NPs "multipoint"-grafted with anionic poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate-co-acrylic acid; AMPS-co-AA) exhibited remarkable colloidal stabilities in specific environments mimicking the harsh subsurface aquatic media, such as the American Petroleum Institute (API) brine. However, many important properties of such particles, other than the colloidal stabilities, must be studied in a more systematic fashion for a wide range of salt concentrations (C-s). Herein, we investigate various properties of the silica (SiO2) NPs multipoint-grafted with poly(AMPS-co-AA), SiO2-g-poly(AMPS-co-AA), in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions across a range of salinities. The brush behavior of the grafted random copolymers was investigated in both salt solutions from salt-free conditions up to extreme salinities. The particles displayed brine-oil interfacial activity with increasing C-s, stabilizing oil-in-brine emulsions as Pickering emulsifiers. A high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) with an internal oil phase of up to 80 vol % could be formed in CaCl2 solutions at high C-s, which exhibited gel-like behaviors.
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