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    Aqueous Processable One-Dimensional Polypyrrole Nanostructured by Lignocellulose Nanofibril: A Conductive Interfacing Biomaterial

    Year: 2023

    Journal: Biomacromolecules, Volume 24, 2023-08-14

    Authors: Liang, Shujun; Xu, Wenyang; Hu, Liqiu; Yrjänä, Ville; Wang, Qingbo; Rosqvist, Emil; Wang, Luyao; Peltonen, Jouko; Rosenholm, Jessica M.; Xu, Chunlin; Latonen, Rose-Marie; Wang, Xiaoju

    One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) are competitive biomaterials for constructing bioelectronics to interface with biological systems. Synergistic synthesis using lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) as a structural template in chemical oxidation of pyrrole with Fe(III) ions facilitates surface-confined polymerization of pyrrole on the nanofibril surface within a submicrometer- and micrometer-scale fibril length. It yields a core–shell nanocomposite of PPy@LCNF, wherein the surface of each individual fibril is coated with a thin nanoscale layer of PPy. A highly positive surface charge originating from protonated PPy gives this 1D nanomaterial a durable aqueous dispersity. The fibril–fibril entanglement in the PPy@LCNFs facilely supported versatile downstream processing, e.g., spray thin-coating on glass, flexible membranes with robust mechanics, or three-dimensional cryogels. A high electrical conductivity in the magnitude of several to 12 S·cm–1 was confirmed for the solid-form PPy@LCNFs. The PPy@LCNFs are electroactive and show potential cycling capacity, encompassing a large capacitance. Dynamic control of the doping/undoping process by applying an electric field combines electronic and ionic conductivity through the PPy@LCNFs. The low cytotoxicity of the material is confirmed in noncontact cell culture of human dermal fibroblasts. This study underpins the promises for this nanocomposite PPy@LCNF as a smart platform nanomaterial in constructing interfacing bioelectronics.
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