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    Carbon nanohorn improved durable PVDF membranes-The future of membrane distillation and desalination

    Year: 2021

    Journal: Desalination, Volume 511, SEP 1

    Authors: Kujawa, Joanna; Zieba, Monika; Zieba, Wojciech; Al-Gharabli, Samer; Kujawski, Wojciech; Terzyk, Artur P.

    Organizations: National Science Centre, Poland [2017/25/B/ST5/00975, 2017/26/D/ST4/00752]; European Social Fund the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development [POWR.03.05.0000Z302/17]

    Keywords: Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH); Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); Membrane distillation; Desalination; Surface modification; Hybrid materials

    Novel durable, hybrid separation materials based on the PVDF support and single walled nanohorn (SWCNH) were generated by a facile and efficient method. Three types of SWCNH, pristine, treated with ultrasounds, and oxidized, were applied to cover the PVDF-material. The extended characterization of the produced materials provided a broad spectrum of data including morphology, textural properties, surface zeta potential and wettability features. For the first time, the defined materials were finally tested in the air gap membrane distillation process for desalination, and the improvement was observed comparing to the PVDF. It was revealed that via the simple pretreatment method of SWCNH, it was possible to control wettability and material performance. Very important finding was that the hybrid membranes exhibited the improved permeate flux for hybrids. The enhancement was in the range of 14-27% for materials with pristine and ultrasound treated SWCNH. However, for hybrids with oxidized SWCNH 23%-improvement in transport was observed. Owing to the significantly differentiated character of pristine and oxidized SWCNH and the presence of hydrophobic support inside the structure of hybrids, separation materials with the external layer ranging from hydrophilic (contact angle 6 degrees) to superhydrophobic (contact angle 165 degrees) features were created.
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