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    CO2-responsive surfactants with tunable switching pH

    Year: 2019

    Journal: J. Colloid Interface Sci., Volume 557, DEC 1, page 185–195

    Authors: Lu, Yi; Sun, Dejun; Ralston, John; Liu, Qingxia; Xu, Zhenghe

    Organizations: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Alberta Innovates-Energy and Environmental Solutions (AI-EES); Leading Talents Program of Guangdong Province [K17253301]

    Keywords: CO2-responsive surfactants; Tunable switching pH; Interfacial response; Solution response; Demulsification; Wettability alternation

    Hypothesis: One of the major challenges in applying CO2-responsive surfactants concerns their tunable switchability and robustness under operating conditions. We hypothesize that combining monoethanolamine (MEA) with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) of variable chain lengths through electrostatic attraction could develop a series of CO2-responsive surfactants with tunable switching pH. Experiments: The tunability of switching pH for this group of surfactants was demonstrated by in situ probing of the CO2-responsive characteristics at the oil/water interface using dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) measurements. Two protocols were applied to distinguish interfacial response and solution response. The key importance of interfacial response was demonstrated by two essential applications of CO2-responsive surfactants: demulsification of stable emulsions, and alternation of the interfacial properties of ultra-heavy crude oil-water interfaces. Findings: The switching pH of the CO2-responsive surfactants was controlled by the hydrocarbon chain length of LCFAs. More importantly, their switching behaviour was found to be different at the interface and in the bulk solution, which is attributed to the enhanced molecular interactions at the interface. Since most applications require surfactants to be switched at the interface, it is thereby most appropriate to determine the switching pH through their interfacial responses. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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