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    Design of a spaceflight biofilm experiment

    Year: 2018

    Journal: Acta Astronaut., Volume 148, JUL, page 294–300

    Authors: Zea, Luis; Nisar, Zeena; Rubin, Phil; Cortesao, Marta; Luo, Jiaqi; McBride, Samantha A.; Moeller, Ralf; Klaus, David; Mueller, Daniel; Varanasi, Kripa K.; Muecklich, Frank; Stodieck, Louis

    Organizations: National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NSSC17K0036]; German Aerospace Center (DLR grant DLR-FuW-Projekt ISS LIFE, Programm RF-FuW) [475]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [1122374]

    Keywords: Bacteria; Fungi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Penicillium rubens; Direct laser-interference patterning (DLIP); Lubricant-impregnated surface (LIS)

    Biofilm growth has been observed in Soviet/Russian (Salyuts and Mir), American (Skylab), and International (ISS) Space Stations, sometimes jeopardizing key equipment like spacesuits, water recycling units, radiators, and navigation windows. Biofilm formation also increases the risk of human illnesses and therefore needs to be well understood to enable safe, long-duration, human space missions. Here, the design of a NASA-supported biofilm in space project is reported. This new project aims to characterize biofilm inside the International Space Station in a controlled fashion, assessing changes in mass, thickness, and morphology. The space-based experiment also aims at elucidating the biomechanical and transcriptomic mechanisms involved in the formation of a "column-and-canopy" biofilm architecture that has previously been observed in space. To search for potential solutions, different materials and surface topologies will be used as the substrata for microbial growth. The adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and therefore the initial biofilm formation is strongly governed by topographical surface features of about the bacterial scale. Thus, using Direct Laser-Interference Patterning, some material coupons will have surface patterns with periodicities equal, above or below the size of bacteria. Additionally, a novel lubricant-impregnated surface will be assessed for potential Earth and spaceflight anti-biofilm applications. This paper describes the current experiment design including microbial strains and substrata materials and nanoto-pographies being considered, constraints and limitations that arise from performing experiments in space, and the next steps needed to mature the design to be spaceflight-ready.
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