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    Development of Greener and Stable Inkjet-Printable Perovskite Precursor Inks for All-Printed Annealing-Free Perovskite Solar Mini-Modules Manufacturing

    Year: 2023

    Journal: Small Methods, Volume 7, 2023, page 2300664

    Authors: Chalkias, D. A.; Mourtzikou, A.; Katsagounos, G.; Kalarakis, A. N.; Stathatos, E.

    Keywords: all-printed photovoltaics; annealing-free perovskite; green solvents; inkjet printing; low-molarity perovskite precursor inks

    Inkjet-printing is considered an emerging manufacturing process for developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low material wastes and high production throughput. Up-to-now, all case studies on inkjet-printed PSCs are based on the exploitation of toxic solvents and/or high-molarity perovskite precursor inks that are known to enable the development of high-efficiency photovoltaics (PVs). The present study provides a new insight for developing lower-toxicity, high performance and stable (for more than 2 months) inkjet-printable perovskite precursor inks for fully ambient air processed PSCs. Using an ink composed of a green low vapor pressure noncoordinating solvent and only 0.8 m of perovskite precursors, the feasibility of fabricating high-quality and with minimum coffee-ring defects, annealing-free perovskite absorbent layers under ambient atmosphere is demonstrated. Noteworthily, the PSCs fabricated using the industry-compatible carbon-based hole transport material free architecture and the proposed ink present an efficiency >13% that is considered on the performance records for the under-consideration PV architecture employing an inkjet-printed active layer. Outstanding is also found the stability of the devices under the conditions determined by the ISOS-D-1 protocol (T95 = 1000 h). Finally, the perspective of upscaling PSCs to the mini-module level (100 cm2 aperture area) is demonstrated, with the upscaling losses to be as low as 8.3%rel dec−1 per upscaled active area.
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