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    Distinguishing Activities in the Photodynamic Arsenals of the Pigmented CiliatesBlepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 andBlepharisma japonicum Suzuki, 1954 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea)

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Photochem. Photobiol., Volume 96, NOV, page 1251–1266

    Authors: Cavaleiro, Jessica; Oliveira, Nathally B.; Ribeiro, Talita A.; Guimaraes, Lohaine F.; Fernandes, Noemi M.; da Silva-Neto, Inacio D.; Marszaukowski, Flavia; Wohnrath, Karen; Barreto Jr, Cleber B.; Schweikert, Michael; Petroni, Giulio; Ortenzi, Claudio; Buonanno, Federico; Picciani, Paulo H. S.; Oliveira Jr, Osvaldo N.; Soares, Carlos Augusto G.

    Organizations: UFRJ, Brazil; CNPq, BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ); CAPES, BrazilCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); FAPERJFundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) [202.326/2018]; CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [426648/2016-1]; CNPq PROJETO UNIVERSAL [400412/2017-9]; CNPq PROTAXConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [440649/2015-3]; CAPESCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [001]; FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/14262-7]

    Blepharismins are photodynamic hypericin-like dianthrones produced as a variable pigment blend in Blepharisma ciliates and mostly studied in the Afro-Asiatic Blepharisma japonicum. The present work describes the bioactivity of pigments from the Brazilian Blepharisma sinuosum. Comparative analyses showed that the pigments from both species can trigger photo-induced modifications in phospholipids, but different redox properties and biological activities were assigned for each pigment blend. Stronger activities were detected for B. sinuosum pigments, with the lethal concentration LC50 10 x lower than B. japonicum pigments in light-irradiated tests against Bacillus cereus and less than half for treatments on the human HeLa tumor cells. HPLC showed B. sinuosum producing a simpler pigment blend, mostly with the blepharismin-C (similar to 70%) and blepharismin-E (similar to 30%) types. Each blepharismin engaged a specific dose-response profile on sensitive cells. The blepharismin-B and blepharismin-C were the most toxic pigments, showing LC50 similar to 2.5-3.0 mu M and similar to 100 mu M on B. cereus and HeLa cells, respectively, after illumination. Similarity clustering analysis compiling the bioactivity data revealed two groups of blepharismins: the most active, B and C, and the less active, A, D and E. The B. sinuosum pigment blend includes one representative of each clade. Functional and medical implications are discussed.
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