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    Effect of the Ammonium Tungsten Precursor Solution with the Modification of Glycerol on Wide Band Gap WO3 Thin Film and Its Electrochromic Properties

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Micromachines, Volume 11, MAR

    Authors: Liu, Jinxiang; Zhang, Guanguang; Guo, Kaiyue; Guo, Dong; Shi, Muyang; Ning, Honglong; Qiu, Tian; Chen, Junlong; Fu, Xiao; Yao, Rihui; Peng, Junbiao

    Organizations: Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province [2019B010934001]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51771074, 61804029, 61574061]; Major Integrated Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [U1601651]; Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province [2019B030302007]; Guangdong Natural Science FoundationNational Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018A030310353]; Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou [201904010344]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2019MS012]; Open Project of Guangdong Province Key Lab of Display Material and Technology [2017B030314031]; 2019 Guangdong University Student Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund (Climbing Plan Special Fund) [pdjh2019b0041, pdjh2019a0028]; National College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program [201910561005, 201910561007]; South China University of Technology 100 Step Ladder Climbing Plan Research Project [j2tw201902475, j2tw201902203, j2tw202004095]

    Keywords: tungsten trioxide film; spin coating; optical band gap; morphology; electrochromism

    Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a wide band gap semiconductor material, which is commonly not only used, but also investigated as a significant electrochromic layer in electrochromic devices. WO3 films have been prepared by inorganic and sol-gel free ammonium tungstate ((NH4)(2)WO4), with the modification of glycerol using the spin coating technique. The surface tension, the contact angle and the dynamic viscosity of the precursor solutions demonstrated that the sample solution with a 25% volume fraction of glycerol was optimal, which was equipped to facilitate the growth of WO3 films. The thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis represented that the optimal sample solution transformed into the WO3 range from 220 degrees C to 300 degrees C, and the transformation of the phase structure of WO3 was taken above 300 degrees C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra analysis indicated that the composition within the film was WO3 above the 300 degrees C annealing temperature, and the component content of WO3 was increased with the increase in the annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that WO3 films were available for the formation of the cubic and monoclinic crystal structure at 400 degrees C, and were preferential for growing monoclinic WO3 when annealed at 500 degrees C. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that WO3 films prepared using ammonium tungstate with modification of the glycerol possessed less rough surface roughness in comparison with the sol-gel-prepared films. An ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) demonstrated that the sample solution which had been annealed at 400 degrees C obtained a high electrochromic modulation ability roughly 40% at 700 nm wavelength, as well as the optical band gap (E-g) of the WO3 films ranged from 3.48 eV to 3.37 eV with the annealing temperature increasing.
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