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    Effects of 3FTx Protein Fraction from Naja ashei Venom on the Model and Native Membranes: Recognition and Implications for the Mechanisms of Toxicity

    Year: 2021

    Journal: Molecules, Volume 26, APR

    Authors: Dyba, Barbara; Rudolphi-Szydlo, Elzbieta; Barbasz, Anna; Czyzowska, Agnieszka; Hus, Konrad Kamil; Petrilla, Vladimir; Petrillova, Monika; Legath, Jaroslav; Bocian, Aleksandra

    Organizations: Slovak Research and Development Agency-departmental organization of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the Slovak Republic [APVV-17-0017]; Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic [VEGA 1/0241/18]; National Science Center, Poland [2018/02/X/NZ6/00840]; Slovak Academy of Sciences [VEGA 1/0241/18]

    Keywords: venom; three-finger toxins; model membranes; Langmuir monolayers; human cells; cytotoxicity

    Three-finger toxins are naturally occurring proteins in Elapidae snake venoms. Nowadays, they are gaining popularity because of their therapeutic potential. On the other hand, these proteins may cause undesirable reactions inside the body ' s cells. A full assessment of the safety of Naja ashei venom components for human cell application is still unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the exogenous application of three-finger toxins on the cells of monocytes (U-937) and promyelocytes (HL-60), with particular emphasis on the modification of their membranes under the influence of various doses of 3FTx protein fraction (0-120 ng/mL). The fraction exhibiting the highest proportion of 3FTx proteins after size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separation was used in the experiments. The structural response of cell membranes was described on the basis of single-component and multi-component Langmuir monolayers that mimicked the native membranes. The results show that the mechanism of protein-lipid interactions depends on both the presence of lipid polar parts (especially zwitterionic type of lipids) and the degree of membrane saturation (the greatest-for unsaturated lipids). The biochemical indicators reflecting the tested cells (MDA, LDH, cell survival, induction of inflammation, LD50) proved the results that were obtained for the model.
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