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    Insights from a Box-Behnken Optimization Study of Microemulsions with Salicylic Acid for Acne Therapy

    Year: 2022

    Journal: Pharmaceutics, Volume 14, JAN

    Authors: Anicescu, Maria-Cristina; Dinu-Pirvu, Cristina-Elena; Talianu, Marina-Theodora; Ghica, Mihaela Violeta; Anuta, Valentina; Prisada, Razvan-Mihai; Nicoara, Anca Cecilia; Popa, Lacramioara

    Organizations: Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest [CNFIS-FDI-2021-0300]

    Keywords: O; W microemulsions; Box-Behnken design; rheological evaluation; DLS analysis; goniometry; optimization

    The present study brings to attention a method to develop salicylic acid-based oil in water (O/W) microemulsions using a tensioactive system based on Tween 80, lecithin, and propylene glycol (PG), enriched with a vegetable oat oil phase and hyaluronic acid. The systems were physically characterized and the Quality by design approach was applied to optimize the attributes of microemulsions using Box-Behnken modeling, combined with response surface methodology. For this purpose, a 3(3) fractional factorial design was selected. The effect of independent variables namely X1: Tween 80/PG (%), X2: Lecithin (%), X3: Oil phase (%) was analyzed considering their impact upon the internal structure and evaluated parameters chosen as dependent factors: viscosity, mean droplet size, and work of adhesion. A high viscosity, a low droplet size, an adequate wettability-with a reduced mechanical work-and clarity were considered as desirable for the optimal systems. It was found that the optimal microemulsion which complied with the established conditions was based on: Tween 80/PG 40%, lecithin 0.3%, oat oil 2%, salicylic acid 0.5%, hyaluronic acid 1%, and water 56.2%. The response surface methodology was considered an appropriate tool to explain the impact of formulation factors on the physical properties of microemulsions, offering a complex pattern in the assessment of stability and quality attributes for the optimized formulation.
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