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    Interaction of different lipoprotein types with cholesterol at the air/water interface

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Heliyon, Volume 6, JUL

    Authors: Ninomiya, Ryota; McNamee, Cathy E.

    Organizations: Shinshu University through the Promotion of Research by Young Scientists

    Keywords: Bioengineering; Biophysics; Physical chemistry; Thermodynamics; High density lipoproteins; Low density lipoproteins; Cholesterol; Langmuir monolayers; Fluorescence imaging

    Cholesterol (Chol) interacts with lipoproteins, in order to be transported through the aqueous bloodstream. High density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) transport cholesterol differently, a result that may be due to a difference in their interactions with cholesterol. Here, we investigated how the lipoprotein type affects the interaction with cholesterol by using a Langmuir trough and fluorescence microscope. We studied pure monolayers of 1) Chol, 2) LDL, and 3) HDL, and mixed monolayers of 1) Chol-LDL, and 2) Chol-HDL at air/water interfaces. Images of the Chol-LDL mixed monolayer showed many small sterol domains distributed in the non sterol molecules (e.g. phospholids, proteins and lipids) of LDL. The sterol domains that were seen in the CholHDL mixed monolayer were larger in size but smaller in number than those seen in the Chol-LDL mixed mono layers. These images and the excess area, excess free energy, and free energy of mixing values obtained from the thermodynamic analysis of the surface pressure-area per molecule isotherms suggested that the cholesterol phase separated more from HDL than from LDL. Cholesterol was therefore concluded to interact with LDL better than with HDL. This more favorable interaction was explained by the presence of hydrophobic interactions between cholesterol and Apo-B, the major apoprotein of LDL.
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