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    Lignocellulosic Nanofiber from Eucalyptus Waste by a Green Process and Their Influence in Bionanocomposites

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Waste Biomass Valorization, Volume 11, JUL, page 3761–3774

    Authors: da Silva, Cristina G.; Kano, Fabiany S.; Rosa, Derval S.

    Keywords: Eucalyptus sawdust; Bionanocomposites; PBAT films; Green process; Ball milling; Biodegradable polymer

    AbstractThe idea of obtaining and using renewable fibers in biodegradable matrices at the nanoscale level has attracted much attention from researchers. The present study aimed to develop a "green" process for obtaining lignocellulosic nanofibers from eucalyptus sawdust (ES) waste and evaluated the effects of incorporating them into biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposites. The ES was submitted to ball milling, after which eucalyptus nanostructures (ENs) were obtained by one of three different ways: without washing; washing the EN with an alkaline aqueous solution (EN-Na); or washing the EN with an aqueous surfactant solution (EN-S). All raw materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, DLS, TGA, and SEM. The bionanocomposite (BNC) films were prepared by a casting process using 1-10 wt% nanostructure content and characterized by tensile testing, TGA, DSC, and contact angle. The FTIR results showed that the EN and EN-Na samples presented less lignin and hemicellulose content than the EN-S samples; decreasing the lignin and hemicellulose content increased the crystallinity index (CI) from 36 to 61% for EN and EN-Na samples, respectively. Hydrodynamic radius nanostructures (R-H) ranged from 201 nm (EN) to 116 nm (EN-Na), indicating that this is possible to obtain a lignocellulosic nanostructure by a more environmentally friendly process. All BNCs, from 3 to 10 wt%, showed elastic modulus (E, MPa) values that were higher than those of the pure PBAT films. This study achieved the isolation of nanostructures by a "green" process and their BNC films showed excellent performance in all the properties tested in this study.Graphical Abstract
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