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    Lipid Phases and Cell Geometry During the Cell Cycle of Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Year: 2019

    Journal: Front. Microbiol., Volume 10, 1-Mar

    Authors: Calvez, Philippe; Jouhet, Juliette; Vie, Veronique; Durmort, Claire; Zapun, Andre

    Organizations: Agence Nationale de la RechercheFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ORBiMP ANR-14-CE14-0003-01]; FRISBI Grant [ANR-10-INSB-05-02]; GRAL grant within the Grenoble Partnership for Structural Biology [ANR-10-LABX-49-01]

    Keywords: bacterial membrane; lamellar phases; bacterial division; lipid domains; bacterial morphogenesis

    The coexistence of different lipid phases is well-known in vitro, but evidence for their presence and function in cellular membranes remains scarce. Using a combination of fluorescent lipid probes, we observe segregation of domains that suggests the coexistence of liquid and gel phases in the membrane of Streptococcus pneumoniae, where they are localized to minimize bending stress in the ellipsoid geometry defined by the cell wall. Gel phase lipids with high bending rigidity would be spontaneously organized at the equator where curvature is minimal, thus marking the future division site, while liquid phase membrane maps onto the oblong hemispheres. In addition, the membrane-bound cell wall precursor with its particular dynamic acyl chain localizes at the division site where the membrane is highly curved. We propose a complete "chicken-and-egg" model where cell geometry determines the localization of lipid phases that positions the cell division machinery, which in turn alters the localization of lamellar phases by assembling the cell wall with a specific geometry.
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