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    Micropatternable Janus Paper as a Wearable Skin Patch for Sweat Collection and Analysis

    Year: 2023

    Journal: Advanced Materials Technologies, Volume 8, 2023, page 2300396

    Authors: Gao, Yang; Choi, Seokheun

    Keywords: directional liquid transport; hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces; Janus papers; sweat sampling; sweat sensing; wearable electronics

    Single-use paper-based wearable devices are receiving increasing attention as a novel platform for disposable, inexpensive, noninvasive, and real-time sweat monitoring. The bidirectional liquid transport nature of paper is the most critical barrier to effectively controlling sweat samples for reliable and accurate sweat analysis. Excessive or additionally released sweat significantly interferes with analysis when mixed with old sweat. Moreover, bio-receptors pre-loaded in the sensing areas can backflow and move to another sensing region generating a cross-talk issue. This work enables effective sweat sampling and delivery in paper by facilitating unidirectional sweat transport from the skin to the sensing reservoir. The design and fabrication of a single-layered paper membrane to achieve Janus-type properties, which only allow moisture to flow in one direction is introduced. When the hydrophobic side of the Janus paper is placed on the skin, sweat is unidirectionally self-pumped from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic sensing areas, but not the reverse. The fabrication takes two steps including easy automatic and scalable printing of hydrophobic micropatterns on paper and simple heating of the printed paper for the wax penetration. Quantitative colorimetric assessment of pH, chloride, sodium, and glucose in sweat is simultaneously performed without cross-talk between the sensing regions.
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