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    Tailoring Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants for Short-Time Pediatric Implantations with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity

    Year: 2022

    Journal: ChemMedChem, Volume 17, JAN 19

    Authors: Maher, Shaheer; Linklater, Denver; Rastin, Hadi; Le Yap, Pei; Ivanova, Elena P.; Losic, Dusan

    Organizations: Australian Research Council (ARC) [IH 15010003]; Australian Government Training Program Scholarship; School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Adelaide

    Keywords: Titanium implants; additive manufacturing; 3D-printing; titania nanotubes; antibacterial; gallium

    Paediatric titanium (Ti) implants are used for the short-term fixation of fractures, after which they are removed. However, bone overgrowth on the implant surface can complicate their removal. The current Ti implants research focuses on improving their osseointegration and antibacterial properties for long-term use while overlooking the requirements of temporary implants. This paper presents the engineering of additively manufactured Ti implants with antibacterial properties and prevention of bone cell overgrowth. 3D-printed implants were fabricated followed by electrochemical anodization to generate vertically aligned titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the surface with specific diameters (similar to 100 nm) to reduce cell attachment and proliferation. To achieve enhanced antibacterial performance, TNTs were coated with gallium nitrate as antibacterial agent. The physicochemical characteristics of these implants assessed by the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblastic MG-63 cells showed significantly reduced cell attachment and proliferation, confirming the ability of TNTs surface to avoid cell overgrowth. Gallium coated TNTs showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with reduced bacterial attachment and high rates of bacterial death. Thus a new approach for the engineering of temporary Ti implants with enhanced bactericidal properties with reduced bone cell attachment is demonstrated as a new strategy toward a new generation of short-term implants in paediatrics.
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