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    The effect of dodecylammonium chloride on the film morphology, crystallinity, and performance of lead-free Bi-based solution-processed photovoltaics devices

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Sol. Energy, Volume 207, SEP 1, page 1356–1363

    Authors: Ali, Nasir; Attique, Sanam; Rauf, Sajid; Wang, Xiaoyu; Khesro, Amir; Ali, Shahid; Asghar, Muhammad Imran; Yang, Shikuan; Lund, Peter D.; Wu, Huizhen

    Organizations: National Natural Science Foundation ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [U1737109, 11674086, 11933006]; Hubei overseas Talent 100 program; Academy of FinlandAcademy of FinlandEuropean Commission [13329016, 13322738]

    Keywords: Lead-free perovskites; Cs3Bi2I9; Dodecylammonium chloride; Thin films; Improved crystallinity; Solar cell; Power conversion efficiency

    Bismuth is considered as one of the most promising candidates to replace Pb in the organo-lead halide perovskite, a classical material for various optoelectronic applications. When utilized in a photovoltaic cell, the performance of the cell drops due to deterioration in the absorber film and the changes in its crystal structures. In this work, a small amount of dodecylammonium chloride, C12H25NH3Cl (DCl) is added into Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI), resulting in a pinhole-free high-quality perovskite (PVK) film via a single-step solution processability, also confirmed by FTIR and XPS analyses. Structural, optical, and microscopic analyses showed that the quality, surface features, and crystallinity of the CBI films are significantly improved by adding DCl. The prepared films are successfully demonstrated in a solar cell and exhibited considerably improved photovoltaic (PV) characteristics (V-OC by similar to 47%, J(SC) by similar to 33%, FF by 13%, and PCE by 115%) over pure CBI-based devices. Moreover, the PV device retained more than 95% of its initial PCE in the ambient laboratory environment (relative humidity 55 +/- 5%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest PCE along with extended environmental stability reported for solution processed CBI-based perovskite solar cells.
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