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    The role of polymeric nanofibers on the mechanical behavior of polymethyl methacrylate resin

    Year: 2020

    Journal: J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., Volume 112, DEC

    Authors: Goncalves, Natalia I.; Munchow, Eliseu A.; Santos, Jessica D.; Sato, Tabata P.; de Oliveira, Leticia R.; de Arruda Paes-Junior, Tarcisio J.; Bottino, Marco C.; Borges, Alexandre L. S.

    Organizations: Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2011/17877-7, 2011/20345-7]; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [310973/2014-7, 310659/2014-0]; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [001]

    Keywords: Electrospinning; Fiber-reinforcing; Acrylic resin; PMMA resin; Dental prostheses; Polymers

    This study aimed to synthesize and characterize non-woven acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide-6 (P6), and polystyrene (PS) nanofibers, and evaluate their effects on the flexural strength and fracture resistance of fiber-modified polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. ABS, P6, and PS polymer solutions were prepared and electrospun into fiber mats, which were characterized by means of morphological , chemical , physical , and mechanical analyses. The fiber mats were then used to modi f y a thermally-activated PMMA resin, resulting in four testing groups: one unmodified group (control) and three fiber-modified groups incorporated with ABS, P6, or PS fiber mats. Flexural strength, work of fracture, and fractographic analysis were performed for a l l groups. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests (alpha = 0.05). The fiber diameter decreased, respectively, as follows: ABS > P6 > PS. Only the P6 fiber mats demonstrated a crystalline structure. Wettabilit y was similar among the distinct fiber mats, although tensile strength was significantly greater for P6, followed by ABS, and then PS mats. Flexural strength of the fiber-modified PMMA resins was similar to the control, except for the weaker P6-based material . The work of fracture seemed to be greater and lower when the P6 and PS fibers were used, respectively. The fiber-modified groups exhibited a rougher patter n in the fractured surfaces when compared to the control, which may suggest that the presence of fibers deviates the direction of crack propagation, making the fracture mechanism of the PMMA resin more dynamic. While the neat PMMA showed a typical brittle response, the fiber-modified PMMA resins demonstrated a ductile response, combined with voids, suggesting large shear deformation during fracture. Altogether, despite the lack of direct reinforcement in the mechanical strength of the PMMA resin, the use of electrospu n fibers showed promising application for the improvement of fracture behavior of PMMA resins, turning them into more compliant materials, although this effect may depend on the fiber composition.
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