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    Biofilm formation and composition on different implant materials in vivo

    Year: 2010

    Journal: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, Volume 95B, Issue 1, pages 101–109, October 2010, 20111221

    Authors: A. Al-Ahmad, 1 M. Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad, 2 J. Faust, 1 M. Bächle, 3 M. Follo, 4 M. Wolkewitz, 5 C. Hannig, 6 E. Hellwig, 1 C. Carvalho, 7 R. Kohal 3

    Organizations: 1 Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, 3 Department of Prosthodontics, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany, 4 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Core Facility, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, 5 Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany, 6 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany, 7 Freiburg Material Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

    Biofilm formation was evaluated on the following titanium and zirconia implants in vivo: machined titanium (Ti-m), modified titanium (TiUnite®), modified zirconia (ZiUnite®), machined alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ-m), sandblasted alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ-s), and machined zirconia (TZP-A-m). Bovine enamel slabs were used as controls. Surface morphologies were examined by atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface wettability was also determined. Twelve healthy volunteers wore a splint system with the tested materials. After 3 and 5 days the materials were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The levels of Streptococcus spp., Veillonella spp., Fusobacteriaum nucleatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii were quantitatively determined. The biofim thickness was found to be between 19.78 and 36.73 μm after 3 days and between 26.11 and 32.43 μm after 5 days. With the exception of Ti-m the biofilm thickness after 3 days was correlated with surface roughness. In addition to Streptococcus spp. as the main component of the biofilm (11.23–25.30%), F. nucleatum, A. naeslundii, and Veillonella spp. were also detected. No significant differences in biofilm composition on the implant surfaces could be observed. In total, the influence of roughness and material on biofilm formation was compensated by biofilm maturation.