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    Combined XPS and contact angle studies of flat and rough ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer films

    Year: 2012

    Journal: Journal of applied polymer science 2012, 124 (3) pp 2100-2109, 20121211

    Authors: M. D. Doganci, C. E. Cansoy, I. O. Ucar, H. Y. Erbil, E. Mielczarski, J.A. Mielczarski

    Organizations: Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cayirova, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey, 2LEM, Nancy-Université, CNRS, 15 avenue du Charmois B.P. 40 F-54501 Vandœuvre lès Nancy, France

    Flat and rough thin films were prepared by dip coating using LDPE, PVAc, and EVA polymers containing 12–40% VA contents. Surface free energy of flat films was determined by measuring contact angles. Surface atomic composition was investigated by XPS at 0° and 60° take-off angles. XPS results show that hydrophobic PE component was found to enrich at the near-surface region for all EVA samples for a depth of ~ 5 nm for both flat and rough surfaces, whereas hydrophilic VA component was enriched on the surface when VA < 18% for only at 10 nm depth. The difference between the XPS results of the flat and rough surfaces was not significant for EVA samples except EVA-33 surface where the atomic oxygen content decreased 15–20% for rough surfaces. Contact angle hysteresis values for the rough samples were much larger than that of the flat samples for LDPE and EVA-12 surfaces due to the presence of partial trapping of air pockets on these rough surfaces. A good agreement was obtained between surface concentration of atomic oxygen in the 5 nm outermost layer and ? surface free energy component especially for the samples having high VA contents