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    Foam and Thin-Liquid-Film Studies of Alkyl Glucoside Systems

    Year: 1996

    Journal: Langmuir 1996, 12, 5271-5278, 20111221

    Authors: Åsa Waltermo, Per M. Claesson, Stefan Simonsson, Emil Manev, Ingegärd Johansson, and Vance Bergeron

    Organizations: Laboratory for Chemical Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, Institute for Surface Chemistry, Box 5607, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Blvd. J Bourchier 1, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria, Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry AB, S-444 85 Stenungsund, Sweden, and Groupe Colloids, Service de Chimie Moleculaire, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France

    The foaming behavior of nonionic alkyl glucosides, in terms of foamability and foam stability, has been investigated using various methods. Three different foam tests, two dynamic methods (the Bikerman cylinder and the Watkins funnel) and one static method, have been employed for measuring the foamability and foam stability of nonionic surfactant solutions made from either a linear octyl ß-glucoside, a linear octyl a-glucoside, or a branched octyl a-glucoside, 2-ethylhexyl a-glucoside. At low surfactant concentration there is only a small difference in foamability between the surfactants, which remains when the salt concentration increases. At all surfactant concentrations tested octyl ß-glucoside is observed to be the best foaming agent. The stability of the individual foam lamellae has also been studied with the thin-film-balance (TFB) technique. The stabilizing forces in these nonionic foam films are, in most cases, electrostatic double-layer forces. The thickness dependence of the repulsive forces is consistent with Poisson-Boltzmann theory. As the salt concentration is increased, the range of the double-layer force observed below the cmc decreases, as expected. This trend correlates with a reduction in foam stability whereas the foamability is only marginally affected by the salt concentration. For the octyl ß-glucoside close to the cmc, only a very weak double-layer force is observed, but for this surfactant Newton black films stabilized by steric/hydration forces are formed.