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    Investigation of the antimicrobial properties of modified multilayer diamond-like carbon coatings on 316 stainless steel

    Year: 2017

    Journal: Surf. Coat. Technol., Volume 314, nov-25, page 72–78

    Authors: Robertson, Shaun N.; Gibson, Des; MacKay, William G.; Reid, Stuart; Williams, Craig; Birney, Ross

    Organizations: STFC [ST/M00726X/1]; SUPA; Royal Society [IF130052]; University of the West of Scotland

    Keywords: Modified diamond like carbon; Microbial biofilm prevention; Anti-biofouling

    Modified diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited onto 25 mm diameter 316 stainless steel discs by pulsed (direct current) hollow cathode plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (HC-PECVD). Multilayer films of total thickness 1-2 mu m were deposited, both with and without germanium dopant. Characterisation of the coatings was performed by SEM/EDX, surface energy/contact angle analysis, and assessment of possible biofilm-inhibiting properties. Both modified DLC and germanium-doped DLC (Ge-DLC) coatings showed a significant anti-biofouling effect on P. aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium. A 90% reduction in P. aeruginosa biomass was observed compared to control for both DLC and Ge-DLC, however this effect could not be attributed to germanium incorporation alone. Neither modified DLC nor Ge-DLC showed a significant inhibitory effect on S. aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium. Scanning electron microscopy of P. aeruginosa biofilms on Ge-DLC coated 316 stainless steel clearly displayed disruption of the cellular wall, as well as leakage of cellular components; this effect was not observed with modified DLC coating. This suggests that germanium-doped DLC coatings may potentially exhibit a cidal mode of action versus P. aeruginosa biofilms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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