Modeling Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants at Air/Water Interface without Using the Gibbs Equation
The Gibbs adsorption equation has beenindispensable in predicting the surfactant adsorption at theinterfaces, with many applications in industrial and naturalprocesses. This study uses a new theoretical framework tomodel surfactant adsorption at the air/water interface withoutthe Gibbs equation. The model was applied to two surfactants,C14TAB and C16TAB, to determine the maximum surfaceexcesses. The obtained values demonstrated a fundamentalchange, which was verified by simulations, in the moleculararrangement at the interface. The new insights, in combinationwith recent discoveries in the field, expose the limitations of applying the Gibbs adsorption equation to cationic surfactants at theair/water interface.