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    Multi-scale mechanical characterization of prostate cancer cell lines: Relevant biological markers to evaluate the cell metastatic potential

    Year: 2017

    Journal: Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj., Volume 1861, DEC, page 3109–3119

    Authors: Zouaoui, J.; Trunfio-Sfarghiu, A. M.; Brizuela, L.; Piednoir, A.; Maniti, O.; Munteanu, B.; Mebarek, S.; Girard-Egrot, A.; Landoulsi, A.; Granjon, T.

    Organizations: Comite de Haute Savoie de La Ligue contre le cancer; LISA CARNOT; Institut de Chimie de Lyon (ICL); University Lyon 1; INSA; CNRS

    Keywords: Cell viscoelasticity; Prostate cancer; Cell membrane; Rheology; Atomic force microscopy; FRAP

    Background: Considering the importance of cellular mechanics in the birth and evolution of cancer towards increasingly aggressive stages, we compared nano-mechanical properties of non-tumoral (WPMY-1) and highly aggressive metastatic (PC-3) prostate cell lines both on cell aggregates, single cells, and membrane lipids. Methods: Cell aggregate rheological properties were analyzed during dynamic compression stress performed on a homemade rheometer. Single cell visco-elasticity measurements were performed by Atomic Force Microscopy using a cantilever with round tip on surface-attached cells. At a molecular level, the lateral diffusion coefficient of total extracted lipids deposited as a Langmuir monolayer on an air-water interface was measured by the FRAP technique. Results: At cellular pellet scale, and at single cell scale, PC-3 cells were less stiff, less viscous, and thus more prone to deformation than the WPMY-1 control. Interestingly, stress-relaxation curves indicated a two-step response, which we attributed to a differential response coming from two cell elements, successively stressed. Both responses are faster for PC-3 cells. At a molecular scale, the dynamics of the PC-3 lipid extracts are also faster than that of WPMY-1 lipid extracts. Conclusions: As the evolution of cancer towards increasingly aggressive stages is accompanied by alterations both in membrane composition and in cytoskeleton dynamical properties, we attribute differences in viscoelasticity between PC-3 and WPMY-1 cells to modifications of both elements. General significance: A decrease in stiffness and a less viscous behavior may be one of the diverse mechanisms that cancer cells adopt to cope with the various physiological conditions that they encounter.
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