Programming nanostructured soft biological surfaces by atomic layer deposition
Here, we present the first successful attempt to programme the surface properties ofnanostructured soft biological tissues by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The nanopatternedsurface of lotus leaf was tuned by 3–125 nm TiO2 thin films. The lotus/TiO2 composites werestudied by SEM-EDX, XPS, Raman, TG-DTA, XRR, water contact angle and photocatalysismeasurements. While we could preserve the superhydrophobic feature of lotus, we managedto add a new property, i.e. photocatalytic activity. We also explored how surface passivationtreatments and various ALD precursors affect the stability of the sensitive soft biologicaltissues. As we were able to gradually change the number of nanopatterns of lotus, we gainednew insight into how the hollow organic nanotubes on the surface of lotus influence itssuperhydrophobic feature.