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    Three-Dimensional Triple Hierarchy Formed by Self-Assembly of Wax Crystals on CuO Nanowires for Nonwettable Surfaces

    Year: 2014

    Journal: ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, Vol. 6, p 4927-4934, 20150722

    Authors: Lee, Jun-Young; Pechook, Sasha; Jeon, Deok-Jin; Pokroy, Boaz; Yeo, Jong-Souk

    Organizations: Yonsei Univ, Sch Integrated Technol, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Inst Convergence Technol, Inchon 406840, South Korea; Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel; Technion Israel Inst Technol, Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel

    Novel hierarchical surfaces combining paraffin wax crystals and CuO nanowires are presented. We demonstrate a bioinspired hierarchical wax on nanowire (NW) structures having high water and ethylene glycol repellence. In general, vertically grown nanowire arrays can provide a superhydrophobic surface (SHS) due to extremely high surface roughness but cannot repel ethylene glycol. In this paper, C36H74 and C50H102 waxes are thermally evaporated on the surface of CuO NWs, forming highly ordered, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures via self-assembly of wax crystals. These two and three level hierarchical structures provide perfect self-cleaning characteristics, with water contact angles (CAs) exceeding 170 degrees. Furthermore, C36H74 and C50H102 wax crystals assembled perpendicularly to the longitudinal NW axis form a re-entrant (that is, a multivalued surface topography) curvature enabling high repellence to ethylene glycol (EG) with CAs exceeding 160 degrees. We analyze the wettability dependence on wax crystal size and structure for the optimization of nonwettable hierarchical structured surfaces.