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    Vertical stratification and its impact on device performance in a polycarbazole based copolymer solar cells

    Year: 2015

    Journal: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C, Vol. 3, p 4007-4015, 20170208

    Authors: Wang, Tao; Scarratt, Nicholas W.; Yi, Hunan; Coleman, Iain F.; Zhang, Yiwei; Grant, Richard T.; Yao, Jizhong; Skoda, Maximilian W. A.; Dunbar, Alan D. F.; Jones, Richard A. L.; Iraqi, Ahmed; Lidzey, David G.

    Organizations: Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England; Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China; Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem, Sheffield S3 7HF, S Yorkshire, England; Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England; Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England; Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England; Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England

    Using neutron-reflectivity, we study vertical stratification and device performance in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells consisting of a blend of PC71BM with a carbazole-based donor-acceptor copolymer PCDTBT1. We find that when the blend is cast on a PEDOT:PSS/ITO anode, a PC71BM-depleted (polymer-rich) layer is formed at the PEDOT:PSS interface, whilst a PC71BM-depleted layer is instead located at the air-interface when the same blend is cast on a solution processed MoOx thin film. OPV device characterization measurements indicate that unfavourable vertical segregation can have a profound effect on OPV device characteristics via increased charge recombination.