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    Zirconium oxide nanotube surface prompts increased osteoblast functionality and mineralization

    Year: 2011

    Journal: Materials Science and Engineering:C 2011, 31 (8) pp 1716-1722, 20121211

    Authors: Christine J. Frandsen, Karla S. Brammer, Kunbae Noh, Laura S. Connelly, Seunghan Oh, Li-Han Chen, Sungho Jin

    Organizations: Materials Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States

    Electrochemical formation of tunable nanoscale oxide layers on biomedical metallic surfaces has recently drawn much attention in biomaterials research. In this study, we report on the cellular response to a unique vertically aligned, laterally spaced nanotube nanostructure made of zirconiumoxide (ZrO2) fabricated by anodization. The growth, morphology, and functionality of osteoblasts cultured on ZrO2nanotubes have been investigated. The initial adhesion and spreading was considerably improved on the nanotubesurface as compared to a flat zirconium (Zr) surface without a nanostructure. The morphology of the adhered cells on the nanotubesurface elicited a highly organized cytoskeleton with crisscross patterned actin, which was lacking on the flat Zr. Increased alkaline phosphatase activity levels and the formation of calcified extracellular matrix implied improved osteoblastfunctionality and mineralization on the nanotube substrate. This in vitro study suggests that the ZrO2nanotubes provided an enhanced osteoblast response and demonstrated their apparent role in providing a platform for bone growth.