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    Advancing of Additive-Manufactured Titanium Implants with Bioinspired Micro- to Nanotopographies

    Year: 2021

    Journal: ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., Volume 7, FEB, page 441–450

    Authors: Maher, Shaheer; Wijenayaka, Asiri R.; Lima-Marques, Luis; Yang, Dongqing; Atkins, Gerald J.; Losic, Dusan

    Organizations: Australian Government Training Program Scholarship; Australian research Council [IH 15000003]; School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Adelaide; Forrest George and Sandra Lynne Young Supplementary Scholarship

    Keywords: additive manufacturing (AM); titanium implants; bioinspired materials; dual topography; nanostructures; selective laser melting (SLM)

    There is an increasing demand for low-cost and more efficient titanium (Ti) medical implants that will provide improved osseointegration and at the same time reduce the likelihood of infection. In the past decade, additive manufacturing (AM) using metal selective laser melting (SLM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques has emerged to enable novel implant geometries or properties to overcome such potential challenges. This study presents a new surface engineering approach to create bioinspired multistructured surfaces on SLM-printed Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants by combining SLM technology, electrochemical anodization, and hydrothermal (HT) processes. The resulting implants display unique surfaces with a distinctive dual micro- to nano-topography composed of micron-sized spherical features, fabricated by SLM and vertically aligned nanoscale pillar structures as a result of combining anodization and HT treatment. The fabricated implants enhanced hydroxyapatitelike mineral deposition from simulated body fluid (SBF) compared to control. In addition, normal human osteoblast-like cells (NHBCs) showed strong adhesion to the nano-/microstructures and displayed greater propensity to mineralize compared to control surfaces. This engineering approach and the resulting nature-inspired multiscale-structured surface offers desired features for improving osseointegration and antibacterial performance toward the development of next-generation orthopedic and dental implants.
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