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    Application of green surfactants to control barnacle recruitment

    Year: 2021

    Journal: Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci., Volume 45, JUN

    Authors: Silva, Maria da Gloria C.; de Medeiros, Anderson O.; Almeida, Darne G.; da Silva, Maria Eduarda P.; Meira, Hugo M.; Sarubbo, Leonie A.

    Organizations: Research and Development Program of the National Agency of Electrical Energy (ANEEL), Brazil; TERMOPE Thermoelectric Plant, Brazil; Foundation for the Support of Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco (FACEPE), Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES) [001]

    Keywords: Green surfactants; Biosurfactants; Biobased surfactants; Rhamnolipid; Antifouling; Barnacle

    Green surfactants were evaluated for the determination of antifouling activity against barnacles on steel panels. Glyceryl laurate and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid were chemically synthetized, while rhamnolipid was obtained from Pseudomonas cepacia CCT6659 fermentation. The surfactants were incorporated into a natural resin paint formulation and were used in immersion tests for 90 days. The synthetic surfactant SDS was used as control. Glycerol laurate and hydroxylated oleic acid showed surface tensions of 22.22 and 34.65 mN/m and CMC of 200 and 400 mg/L, respectively. The biobased surfactants glyceryl laurate and hydroxylated oleic acid showed low toxicity against Artemia salina, i.e., LC50 of 163.80 and 191.03 mg/L, respectively, while the rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed a LC50 of 7200 mg/L. Carbon steel panels coated with rhamnolipid repelled only 2% of barnacles. The panels coated with SDS repelled 25% of barnacles, while panels coated with glyceryl laurate and hydroxylated oleic acid repelled 46% of the fouling. The results showed that values closer to or above the CMC of the surfactants influence the repellent action against fouling organisms. These finds demonstrate that green surfactants can be a more environmentally friendly alternative for barnacle control by replacing toxic commercial antifouling. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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