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    Biodegradable amidequats, derivatives of caprylic and pelargonic acids as cationic surfactants for agricultural applications

    Year: 2023

    Journal: Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 391, 2023-12-01, page 123221

    Authors: Syguda, Anna; Ławniczak, Łukasz; Wróbel, Patrycja; Walkiewicz, Filip; Framski, Grzegorz; Parus, Anna; Woźniak-Karczewska, Marta; Niemczak, Michał; Gierka, Aleksandra; Chrzanowski, Łukasz

    Keywords: Amidequats; Biodegradation; Foaming properties; Herbicidal ionic liquids; Phytotoxicity

    In this study, we proposed to incorporate natural herbicides i.e. caprylic and pelargonic acids into an amide functional group of a cationic surfactant, thus obtaining amidequats. All the obtained amidequats can be classified as ionic liquids since their melting point values were below 100 °C. Moreover, all compounds were stable up to 166 °C. The obtained ionic liquids exhibited high surface activity, as confirmed by their low CMC values (ranging from 0.02 to 4.32 mmol·L−1) as well as their ability to efficiently lower the surface tension (to 23.8–30.2 mN·m−1). The amidequats, derivatives of caprylic and pelargonic acid exhibited different foam formation ability and its stability depending on their structure. Subsequent tests indicated that amidequats comprising the decyl and dodecyl substituents were readily biodegradable (mineralization at 63–78 % within 10 days). They did not significantly affect the germination of the model monocotyledon plant (sorghum) up to 500 mg·L−1, however, they showed phytotoxicity in relation to the model dicotyledon weed (common sunflower) and displayed low or moderate toxicity towards model microorganisms commonly found in soil, which confirms their low environmental impact.
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