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    Biomaterial Wettability Affects Fibrin Clot Structure and Fibrinolysis

    Year: 2021

    Journal: Adv. Healthc. Mater., Volume 10, OCT

    Authors: Ruhoff, Alexander M.; Hong, Jun Ki; Gao, Lingzi; Singh, Jasneil; Tran, Clara; Mackie, Grace; Waterhouse, Anna

    Organizations: Australian Research Council DECRA [DE160101308]; Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundations Health Investment Grant; National Heart Foundation of Australia [103004]; University of Sydney, Heart Research Institute; University of Sydney Nano Institute; Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship; University of Sydney RTP Supplementary Scholarship; USYD CPC EMCR Seed Fund; Heart Research Institute; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney

    Keywords: biomaterials; fibrin clot structure; fibrinolysis; microfluidics; polystyrene; wettability

    Thrombosis on blood-contacting medical devices can cause patient fatalities through device failure and unstable thrombi causing embolism. The effect of material wettability on fibrin network formation, structure, and stability is poorly understood. Under static conditions, fibrin fiber network volume and density increase in clots formed on hydrophilic compared to hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces. This correlates with reduced plasma clotting time and increased factor XIIa (FXIIa) activity. These structural differences are consistent up to 50 mu m away from the material surface and are FXIIa dependent. Fibrin forms fibers immediately at the material interface on hydrophilic surfaces but are incompletely formed in the first 5 mu m above hydrophobic surfaces. Additionally, fibrin clots on hydrophobic surfaces have increased susceptibility to fibrinolysis compared to clots formed on hydrophilic surfaces. Under low-flow conditions, clots are still denser on hydrophilic surfaces, but only 5 mu m above the surface, showing the combined effect of the surface wettability and coagulation factor dilution with low flow. Overall, wettability affects fibrin fiber formation at material interfaces, which leads to differences in bulk fibrin clot density and susceptibility to fibrinolysis. These findings have implications for thrombus formed in stagnant or low-flow regions of medical devices and the design of nonthrombogenic materials.
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