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Defect Creation in Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films

Year: 2020

Journal: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Volume 12, JAN 15, page 2655–2661

Authors: Wang, Zheng; Henke, Sebastian; Paulus, Michael; Welle, Alexander; Fan, Zhiying; Rodewald, Katia; Rieger, Bernhard; Fischer, Roland A.

Keywords: defect engineering; SURMOF; HKUST-1; thin films; UV-vis; defective linkers

Defect engineering is a strategy for tailoring the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Plenty of efforts have been devoted to study the defect chemistry and structures of bulk MOFs; however, the reported example of a defect-engineered surface-mounted MOF (SURMOF) thin film is rare. In this work, defects were incorporated in SURMOF thin films by using defect-generating linkers and taking advantage of the liquid-phase stepwise epitaxial layer-by-layer growth (LBL). Two methods based on the LBL, named mixing method and alternating method, are proposed for incorporating defects in the prototypical SURMOF HKUST-1 by partially substituting the parent H(3)btc (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) linker with a set of defect-generating linkers H(2)ip (isophthalic acid), H2OH-ip (5-hydroxyisophthalic acid), and H(2)pydc (3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid). The crystallinity and phase purity of the obtained defected SURMOFs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The incorporation of the defect-generating linkers and the types of induced defects were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, methanol adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (after digestion of the samples). These two methods provide avenues for controlling the defect formation in MOF thin films.