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    Design of A Low-Cost and Disposable Paper-Based Immunosensor for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Chemosensors, Volume 8, SEP

    Authors: Migliorini, FL; dos Santos, DM; Soares, AC; Mattoso, LHC; Oliveira, ON; Correa, DS

    Organizations: FAPESP from BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2017/21791-7, 2017/20973-4, 2017/121-74-4, 2018/18953-8, 2018/22214-6]; MCTI-SisNano from Brazil; CNPq from BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ); Rede Agronano (EMBRAPA) from Brazil

    Keywords: disposable immunosensor; electrochemical detection; aflatoxin B1; chitosan; carbon nanotubes; paper-based sensor

    We report a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor made with sustainable materials to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic, carcinogenic mycotoxin found in food. The immunosensor was prepared with a waterproof paper substrate and low-cost graphite-based conductive ink through a simple cut-printing method. The working electrode was functionalized with a drop-cast film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/chitosan on which a layer of anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibodies was immobilized covalently. The architecture of the immunosensor was confirmed with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), including the effective immobilization of the active layer of anti-AFB1. With EIS as the principle of detection, the immunosensor could detect AFB1 in the range from 1 to 30 ng center dot mL(-1), and detection limit of 0.62 ng center dot mL(-1). This sensitivity is sufficient to detect AFB1 in food according to regulatory agencies. The immunosensor exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity in experiments with a possible interferent. Furthermore, detection of AFB1 in maize flour samples yielded recovery of 97-99%, in a demonstration of the possible use of the paper-based immunosensor to detect AFB1 using extraction solutions from food samples.
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