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    Effect of Na+ on organic fouling depends on Na+ concentration and the property of the foulants

    Year: 2022

    Journal: Desalination, Volume 531, JUN 1

    Authors: Zhai, Yuanxin; Bai, Dan; Wang, Yifan; Zhang, Yaozhong; Qi, Yongchao; Qiu, Xiaopeng; Wang, Yi-fan; Wang, Yi Xuan; Zheng, Xing

    Organizations: National Natural Science Foundation of China [51738012, 51878555, 52170053]; Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Technology [310-252072109]; Water Saving and Reuse Innovation Team; Educa- tional Department of the Shaanxi Provincial Government under the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities

    Keywords: Na+; Adsorptive fouling; Electric charge; Organic fouling; PVDF

    Adsorption behaviors of typical organics and the impact of structural variation on the fouling effect on a poly-vinylidene fluoride membrane surface under various Na+ concentrations were compared. The results suggest that the impact of Na+ on the organics is based on their charge and structure. For the long-chain molecule sodium alginate, adding Na+ leads to an initial decrease but a subsequent regaining of the interaction force with the membrane, reflected by an inflection of relative irreversibility at a Na+ concentration of 10 mM. The lower charged Glucan presented such alterations at a higher Na+ concentration of 100 mM. As for the substances with more compact and plate-shaped structures such as humic acid and fulvic acid, the force fluctuated with the Na+ concentration, and the inflection of the relative irreversibility appeared at higher Na+ concentrations along the decreasing charge. Combined with the record on the size change in these organics, relevant mechanisms regarding the variation in fouling behavior were further analyzed. For polysaccharides, Na+ plays a role in changing the internal structure of the molecules. For relatively smaller organics, the effect of charge shielding plays a predominant role. For bovine serum albumin, the effect of Na+ concentration was nonsignificant.
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