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    Effect of Surfactant Systems, Alcohol Types, and Salinity on Cold-Water Detergency of Triacylglycerol Semisolid Soil. Part II

    Year: 2020

    Journal: J. Surfactants Deterg., Volume 23, MAR, page 423–432

    Authors: Phaodee, Parichat; Sabatini, David A.

    Organizations: Institute for Applied Surfactant Research (IASR) at the University of Oklahoma: BASF; Church & Dwight Co., Inc.; Clorox Company; Colgate-Palmolive Company; Ecolab; ExxonMobil; Huntsman Corporation; Procter and Gamble; Sasol (USA) Corporation; Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc.

    Keywords: Coldwater detergency; Semisolid soil; Extended surfactants; Alcohol additives

    Our prior work found that detergency of coconut oil was relatively poor using C14-15-8PO-SO4Na alone but showed promising improvement with the presence of linear intermediate-chain alcohols (C7-C9 alcohols) in the surfactant formulation. The maximum detergency exceeded 90% removal using 0.1 w/v% C14-15-8PO-SO4Na/0.2 w/v% 1-octanol/4 w/v% NaCl (final optimized surfactant system) at 10 degrees C. The current work thus seeks to further investigate surfactant formulations capable of providing improved detergency performance. Different 50% linear anionic extended surfactant structures (LC14-15-8PO-SO4Na, LC14-15-8PO-3EO-SO4Na, and LC14-15-8PO-7EO-SO4Na) were compared with the branched C14-15-8PO-SO4Na previously studied. Detergency of coconut oil using C14-15-8PO-SO4Na at 8 w/v% NaCl (S*) still performed more effectively than these new surfactant systems. The addition of octanol as a detergency additive was further studied, and it showed that S* reduced from 8 w/v% NaCl to 4 w/v% NaCl for 1-octanol and to 2 w/v% NaCl for 2-octanol and 2-ethyl-hexanol in the C14-15-8PO-SO4Na surfactant formulation. Coconut oil removal significantly improved detergency from roughly 49% for no alcohol with 8 w/v% NaCl, to 83% for 2-ethyl-hexanol with 2 w/v% NaCl, to 95% for 1-octanol with 4 w/v% NaCl, and to 98% for 2-octanol with 2 w/v% NaCl. Further studies on octanol concentration showed that decreasing 1-octanol from 1.2% (90 mM) to 0.2% (15.3 mM) and 2-octanol from 1.2% (90 mM) to 0.5% (38.5 mM) still maintained detergency over 90% removal. In this work, cold-water detergency was found to correlate with low interfacial tension above the melting point, improved wetting of the semisolid soil, and oil solubilization in surfactant micelles.
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