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    Exploring synergistic fire suppression of siloxane-glycoside firefighting foam using sulfonated hydrotrope additives to alter surfactant aggregation in solution

    Year: 2022

    Journal: Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp., Volume 655, DEC 20

    Authors: Hinnant, K. M.; Giles, S. L.; Ananth, R.; Miller, J. H.

    Organizations: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, United States; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), United States [WP-2739, WP18-1592, WP20-1507]

    Keywords: Surfectant; Surfactant; Application; Hydrotropes; Fire suppression; Surfactants; Micelle size; Synergism; Siloxane; Alkypolyglycoside

    Synergism between siloxane 502W and alkylpolyglycoside Glucopon 225DK surfactants in a mixture has resulted in a foam with firefighting potential. This synergism is not well understood, therefore additives were utilized to alter performance. Hydrotropes sodium benzene sulfonate and sodium p-toluene sulfonate were introduced to alter micelle size while keeping other solution properties constant and their effects were assessed for the indi-vidual surfactants and the mixture. Solution properties including micelle size (via dynamic light scattering) were measured along with the heptane vapor transport rate through a foam layer, foam expansion ratio, and fire extinction performance on a 19 cm heptane pool fire using a CO2 absorption measurement. Increased micelle size with hydrotrope addition did not directly correlate with improved fire suppression. Hydrotropes destabilized G225 aggregation, possibly due to G225 inter-surfactant hydrogen bonding potentials, which is limited for 502W. Hydrotropes inhibit the mixture G225 contribution while 502W remains. 502W is less effective indi-vidually, resulting in increased fire extinction times for the mixture with hydrotropes. Previously reported mixture synergism may be related to collaboration of individual surfactant contributions. Surfactant roles and inter-surfactant hydrogen bonding potentials are supported by the collected data, but have not been directly measured and require further evaluation.
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