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    Microbial nanocellulose adherent to human skin used in electrochemical sensors to detect metal ions and biomarkers in sweat

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Talanta, Volume 218, OCT 1

    Authors: Silva, Robson R.; Raymundo-Pereira, Paulo A.; Campos, Anderson M.; Wilson, Deivy; Otoni, Caio G.; Barud, Hernane S.; Costa, Carlos A. R.; Domeneguetti, Rafael R.; Balogh, Debora T.; Ribeiro, Sidney J. L.; Oliveira Jr, Osvaldo N.

    Organizations: FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2016/06612-6, 2016/01919-6, 2015/01770-0, 2013/14262-7]; CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) [423952/2018-8]; CAPESCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)

    Keywords: Bacterial cellulose; Wearable electronics; Biosensor; Heavy metals; Uric acid; Estradiol

    The pursuit of biocompatible, breathable and skin-conformable wearable sensors has predominantly focused on synthetic stretchable hydrophobic polymers. Microbial nanocellulose (MNC) is an exceptional skin-substitute natural polymer routinely used for wound dressing and offers unprecedented potential as substrate for wearable sensors. A versatile strategy for engineering wearable sensing platforms is reported, with sensing units made of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) on MNC. As-prepared SPCEs were used to detect the toxic metals cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) with limits of detection of 1.01 and 0.43 mu M, respectively, which are sufficient to detect these metal ions in human sweat and urine. SPCEs functionalized through anodic pre-treatments were used for detecting uric acid and 17 beta-estradiol in artificial sweat, with detection limits of 1.8 mu M and 0.58 mu M, respectively. The electrochemical treatment created oxygen groups on the carbon surfaces, thus improving wettability and hydrophilicity. MNC was herein exploited as an adhesive-free, yet highly skin-adherent platform for wearable sensing devices that also benefit from the semi-permeable, non-allergenic, and renewable features that make MNC unique within the pool of materials that have been used for such a purpose. Our findings have clear implications for the developments on greener and more biocompatible but still efficient substrates and may pave the route for combining immunosensing devices with drug delivery therapies.
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