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    Ordering of ZnS Nanorods at the Air-Liquid Interface: An In Situ X-ray Scattering Study

    Year: 2021

    Journal: J. Phys. Chem. C, Volume 125, JUN 17, page 12774–12783

    Authors: Maiti, Santanu; Manna, Gouranga; Karmakar, Sabyasachi; Maji, Subrata; Mukhopadhyay, Mrinmay K.; Acharya, Somobrata; Sanyal, Milan K.

    Organizations: Department of Science and Technology, India; Raja Ramanna Fellowship of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); Science and Engineering Research Board Grant [CRG/2019/003907]; SERB-STAR Grant [STR/2020/000053]

    Self-assembly of anisotropic nanomaterials into ordered multidimensional (2D and 3D) arrays facilitate versatile collective properties. Monitoring of this self-assembly processes is essential to control the emerging properties of these nanostructured materials. We report here results of in situ X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) studies carried out at the air-liquid interface to understand the self-assembly process of ZnS nanorods (NRs) in real-time. Our study shows that at high surface pressure, ZnS NRs self-assemble into a bilayer 2D square superlattice, coupled by their organic surface ligands along the out-of-plane direction with NRs lying side by side flat in the in-plane direction at the liquid surface. Upon increasing subphase temperature, we observed a transformation of the 2D superlattice into a 3D multilayer structure of the nanorods. On the basis of the extracted parameters (film thickness, electron density of each layer, and in-plane lattice parameters), we propose a packing model of the hierarchical self-assembly of anisotropic NRs on the water surface.
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