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Planar sucrose substrates for investigating interfaces found in molten chocolate

Year: 2019

Journal: Food Struct.-Neth., Volume 22, OCT

Authors: Manasi, Iva; Arnold, Tom; Cooper, Joshaniel F. K.; Van Damme, Isabella; Dong, Chuchuan; Saerbeck, Thomas; Stenning, Gavin B. G.; Tellam, James; Titmuss, Simon

Keywords: Chocolate; Sucrose; Spin coating; Triglyceride; Neutron reflectivity; X-ray reflectivity

We present planar substrates suitable for investigating the sucrose/triglyceride fat interfaces found in molten chocolate with surface science techniques. The planar sucrose substrates are produced by spin coating sucrose onto hydrophilic, silicon oxide-capped, silicon substrates from millimolar aqueous solutions of sucrose. We present the characterisation of the sucrose film thicknesses and crystallinity using X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, respectively. These sucrose-coated substrates can be used in flow cells for quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and neutron/X-ray reflectivity measurements, through which triglyceride oils containing the surfactants commonly used in chocolate manufacture can be flowed. This provides a well-defined, planar, sucrose/triglyceride interface, which can be used to probe the solid/liquid interfaces that are found in molten chocolate at the molecular level.