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Protein-induced metamorphosis of unilamellar lipid vesicles to multilamellar hybrid vesicles

Year: 2021

Journal: J. Control. Release, Volume 331, MAR 10, page 187–197

Authors: Koo, Bon Il; Kim, Inhye; Yang, Moon Young; Jo, Sung Duk; Koo, Kunmo; Shin, Seo Yeon; Park, Kyung Mok; Yuk, Jong Min; Lee, Eunji; Nam, Yoon Sung

Organizations: Celltrion, Inc. (Incheon, Republic of Korea); Nano.Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) [NRF-2017M3A7B4052797, NRF-2017M3A7B4042235, NRF-2019R1A2B5B01070463, 2020R1A2C2004168]; Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) - Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [HP20C0018]; MSIP; POSTECH; National Institute of Supercomputing and Network/Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information [KSC-2018-S1-0004]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) [NRF-2017M3A7B4052797, NRF-2017M3A7B4042235, NRF-2019R1A2B5B01070463, 2020R1A2C2004168]

Keywords: Multilamellar lipid vesicles; Epidermal growth factor; Self-assembly; Protein encapsulation; Protein delivery

Protein encapsulation into nanocarriers has been extensively studied to improve the efficacy and stability of therapeutic proteins. However, the chemical modification of proteins or new synthetic carrier materials are essential to achieve a high encapsulation efficiency and structural stability of proteins, which hinders their clinical applications. New strategies to physically incorporate proteins into nanocarriers feasible for clinical uses are required to overcome the current limitation. Here we report the spontaneous protein-induced reorganization of 'pre-formed' unilamellar lipid vesicles to efficiently incorporate proteins within multilamellar protein-lipid hybrid vesicles without chemical modification. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to the surface of cationic unilamellar lipid vesicles and induces layer-by-layer self-assembly of the vesicles. The protein is spontaneously entrapped in the interstitial layers of a multilamellar structure with extremely high loading efficiency, similar to 99%, through polyionic interactions as predicted by molecular dynamics simulation. The loaded protein exhibits much higher structural, chemical, and biological stability compared to free protein. The method is also successfully applied to several other proteins. This work provides a promising method for the highly efficient encapsulation of therapeutic proteins into multilamellar lipid vesicles without the use of specialized instruments, high energy, coupling agents, or organic solvents.