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    Reactive Extrusion of Nonmigratory Antioxidant Poly(Iactic acid) Packaging

    Year: 2020

    Journal: J. Agric. Food Chem., Volume 68, FEB 19, page 2164–2173

    Authors: Herskovitz, Joshua E.; Goddard, Julie M.

    Organizations: Agriculture and Food Research Initiative grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture [2015-67017-23119, 2019-68015-29230, 2019-67011-29559]; National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture; NSF MRSEC programNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) [DMR-1719875]; HatchUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [1014103]

    Keywords: reactive extrusion; nonmigratory active packaging; poly(lactic acid); antioxidant; sustainable; food loss; food waste; food spoilage

    Reactive extrusion of bio-derived active packaging offers a new approach to address converging concerns over environmental contamination and food waste. Herein, metal-chelating nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) ligands were grafted onto poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by reactive extrusion to produce metal-chelating PLA (PLA-g-NTA). Radical grafting was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with the introduction of secondary alkyl stretches (2919 and 2860 cm(-1)) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with an increase in the atomic percentage of nitrogen. Compared to films prepared from native, granular PLA (gPLA), PLA-g-NTA films had lower contact angles and hysteresis values (86.35 degrees +/- 2.49 and 31.89 degrees +/- 2.27 to 79.91 degrees +/- 1.58 and 21.79 degrees +/- 1.72, respectively), supporting the surface orientation of the NTA ligands. The PLA-g-NTA films exhibited a significant antioxidant character with a radical scavenging capacity of 0.675 +/- 0.026 nmol Trolox((eq))/cm(2) and an iron chelation capacity of 54.09 +/- 9.36 nmol/cm(2). PLA-g-NTA films delayed ascorbic acid degradation, retaining similar to 45% ascorbic acid over the 9-day study compared to <20% for control PLA. This research makes significant advances in translating active packaging technologies to bio-derived materials using scalable, commercially translatable synthesis methods.
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