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    Reduced graphene oxide on silver nanoparticle layers-decorated titanium dioxide nanotube arrays as SERS-based sensor for glyphosate direct detection in environmental water and soil

    Year: 2022

    Journal: J. Hazard. Mater., Volume 437, SEP 5

    Authors: Butmee, Preeyanut; Samphao, Anchalee; Tumcharern, Gamolwan

    Organizations: Thailand GraduateInstitute of Science and Technology (TGIST) [TG-55-24-60-010D]; National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); Thailand Government Research Budget; National Research Council of Thailand; Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University (Thailand); Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education (OHEC), Thailand; ASEAN-European Academic University (ASEA-UNINET)

    Keywords: Glyphosate; SERS substrate; Titanium dioxide nanotubes; Dual-layer silver nanoparticles; Reduced graphene oxide

    When glyphosate, a widely used organophosphate herbicide in agricultural applications, contaminates the environment, it could lead to chronic harm to human health. Herein, an efficient, air-stable and reusable surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was designed to be an analytical tool for direct determination of glyphosate. A vertical heterostructure of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-wrapped dual-layers silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on titania nanotube (TiO2 NTs) arrays was constructed as a SERS substrate. The TiO2 NTs/AgNPs-rGO exhibited high SERS performance for methylene blue detection, offering an analytical enhancement factor (AEF) as large as 7.1 x 10(8) and the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10(-14) M with repeatability of 4.4 % relative standard deviation (RSD) and reproducibility of 2.0 % RSD. The sensor was stable in ambient and was reusable after photo-degradation. The designed sensor was successfully applied for glyphosate detection with a LOD of 3 mu g/L, which is below the maximum contaminant level of glyphosate in environmental water, as recommended by the U.S. EPA and the European Union. A uniqueness of this study is that there is no significant difference between the real-world applications of the SERS sensor on direct glyphosate analysis in environmental samples compared to an analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.
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