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    Self-Assembly of Soft Cellulose Nanospheres into Colloidal Gel Layers with Enhanced Protein Adsorption Capability for Next-Generation Immunoassays

    Year: 2020

    Journal: Small, Volume 16, DEC

    Authors: Solin, Katariina; Beaumont, Marco; Rosenfeldt, Sabine; Orelma, Hannes; Borghei, Maryam; Bacher, Markus; Opietnik, Martina; Rojas, Orlando J.

    Keywords: amorphous nanocellulose; cellulose II nanogel; colloids; core; shell nanoparticles; immunosensors; protein adsorption

    Soft cationic core/shell cellulose nanospheres can deform and interpenetrate allowing their self-assembly into densely packed colloidal nanogel layers. Taking advantage of their water-swelling capacity and molecular accessibility, the nanogels are proposed as a new and promising type of coating material to immobilize bioactive molecules on thin films and paper. The specific and nonspecific interactions between the cellulosic nanogel and human immunoglobulin G as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) are investigated. Confocal microscopy, electroacoustic microgravimetry, and surface plasmon resonance are used to access information about the adsorption behavior and viscoelastic properties of self-assembled nanogels. A significant BSA adsorption capacity on nanogel layers (17 mg m(-2)) is measured, 300% higher compared to typical polymer coatings. This high protein affinity further confirms the promise of the introduced colloidal gel layer, in increasing sensitivity and advancing a new generation of substrates for a variety of applications, including immunoassays, as demonstrated in this work.
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