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    Spreading-splashing transition of nanofluid droplets on a smooth flat surface

    Year: 2022

    Journal: J. Colloid Interface Sci., Volume 606, JAN 15, page 434–443

    Authors: Aksoy, Y. T.; Eneren, P.; Koos, E.; Vetrano, M. R.

    Organizations: Interne Fondsen KU Leuven/Internal Funds KU Leuven [C24/18/057]

    Keywords: Droplet splashing; Nanofluid splashing; Lamella spreading velocity; Droplet impact; Nanofluid viscosity

    Hypothesis: Even a small fraction of nanoparticles in fluids affects the splashing behavior of a droplet upon impact on a smooth surface. Experiments: Nanofluid drop impact onto a smooth sapphire substrate is experimentally investigated over wide ranges of Reynolds (10(2) < Re < 10(4)) and Weber (50 < We < 500) numbers for three nanofluid mass concentrations (0.01%, 0.1%, 1%) using high-speed photography. Nanofluids are prepared by diluting a commercial Al2O3-water nanofluid in aqueous glycerol solutions without dispersants. In total, 30 samples are prepared and 1799 data points are acquired. Every sample is experimentally characterized prior to droplet impact measurements in terms of stability, density, viscosity, and surface tension to demonstrate the observed outcomes on the We-Re maps. Each droplet impact condition is repeated at least 3 times to ensure good repeatability. Findings: The non-monotonic behavior of the spreading-to-splashing transition remains the same for nanofluids. However, nanofluids influence this boundary by promoting splashing at low Reynolds numbers. We explain this behavior by increased lamella spreading speed and lift during the lamella spreading stage. Finally, we develop an empirical correlation which describes the splashing threshold dependency on nanoparticle concentration for the first time. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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