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    Waste Seashells as a Highly Active Catalyst for Cyclopentanone Self-Aldol Condensation

    Year: 2019

    Journal: Catalysts, Volume 9, AUG

    Authors: Sheng, Xueru; Xu, Qianqian; Wang, Xing; Li, Na; Jia, Haiyuan; Shi, Haiqiang; Niu, Meihong; Zhang, Jian; Ping, Qingwei

    Organizations: National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21808023]; Natural Science Foundation of LiaoningNatural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province [20180550559]

    Keywords: biomass; waste seashell; aldol condensation; heterogeneous catalyst

    For the first time, waste-seashell-derived CaO catalysts were used as high-performance solid base catalysts for cyclopentanone self-condensation, which is an important reaction in bio-jet fuel or perfume precursor synthesis. Among the investigated seashell-derived catalysts, Scapharca Broughtonii-derived CaO catalyst (S-shell-750) exhibited the highest dimer yield (92.1%), which was comparable with commercial CaO (88.2%). The activity sequence of different catalysts was consistent with the CaO purity sequence and contact angle sequence. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that CaCO3 in waste shell were completely converted to CaO after calcination at 750 degrees C or above for 4 h. CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) results indicate that both the amount and strength of base sites increase significantly when the calcination temperature climbs to 750 degrees C. Therefore, we can attribute the excellent performance of S-shell-750/850/950 catalysts to the higher CaO content, relatively low hydrophilicity, and stronger acidity and basicity of this catalyst. This study developed a new route for waste shell utilization in bio-derived ketone aldol condensation.
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