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    Long-Chain Alcohol Acetate-Triazine Derivatives: Promising Sulfur- and Phosphorus-Free Organic Friction Modifiers for Boundary Lubrication

    Year: 2024

    Authors: Zhang, Jingchun; Shi, Hongfei; Song, Xuechao; Zhao, Yumeng; Feng, Bingge; Hu, Wenjing; Xu, Jian; Li, Jiusheng

    Keywords: Adsorption behavior; Alkyl chain structure; Boundary lubrication; Molecular dynamics simulation; Triazine derivatives

    With the emerging trend of low-viscosity lubricants, it is crucial to design friction modifiers (FMs) for efficient boundary lubrication without generating harmful byproducts. However, existing high-performing FMs, such as organic molybdenum compounds commonly contain sulfur, phosphorus, and ash-prone metallic elements. Herein, a series of long-chain alcohol acetate-triazine derivatives are introduced as organic FMs (OFMs)—n-Oct-CA, n-Dodec-CA, and iso-Hexadec-CA—designed with thermally stable, sulf- and phosphorus-free triazine cores. The addition of cyanuric acid (CA) -based OFMs at a 0.5 wt% in PAO4 results in significant decrease in friction by 58% and wear by 83% compared to the base oil, even under a wide range of temperatures. n-Dodec-CA featuring straight-chain alkane grafts exhibited superior tribological properties compared to iso-Hexadec-CA with branched-chain alkane grafts, especially at elevated temperatures. The triazine centers with multiple nitrogen atoms and the long-chain alcohol acetate groups facilitate synergistic surface binding, enhancing both adsorption strength and the durability of the film within the boundary lubrication condition. Wear surface analysis, coupled with simulated calculations of adsorption properties on metal surfaces, offers compelling evidence supporting the adsorption mechanism of these additives. These in-depth studies will help to promote the molecular structure design of OFMs by providing practical references.
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