To better describe the real surfaces, different wetting states have been proposed. The most discussed are Wenzel state and Cassie-Baxter state.
Surface chemistry plays a significant part in terms of interactions with the human tissue.
Read about how Dr. Gustaf Rydell, researcher at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, uses QCM-D to understand how the Norovirus initiates infection.
Surface tension can be measured with force tensiometer using Du Noüy ring or Wilhelmy plate. Or with optical tensiometer using the pendant drop method.